Publications

Depuis l’ouverture de ChatGPT au public en 2022, l’intelligence artificielle générative (IAg) transforme en profondeur l’enseignement supérieur en gestion. À partir d’une étude qualitative menée auprès d’enseignants, cet article analyse les usages pédagogiques émergents de l’IAg : création de cours, animation pédagogique et évaluation. L’IAg favorise l’individualisation des apprentissages, la conception de supports interactifs, et l’évolution des référentiels de formation. Mais ces opportunités s’accompagnent de défis majeurs : apprentissage superficiel, dépendance à l’outil, uniformisation des productions, et risques éthiques et de sécurité. L’article plaide pour une posture réflexive et critique dans l’usage de l’IAg. Il souligne que l’IAg ne saurait remplacer la dimension humaine de la pédagogie, mais qu’elle peut devenir un levier puissant pour réinventer les pratiques, à condition d’en baliser collectivement les usages. L’enseignant du supérieur est ainsi invité à devenir un « architecte des savoirs », dans un environnement technologique en mutation rapide.

The need for odor measurement and pollution source identification in various sectors (aeronautic, automobile, healthcare...) has increased in the last decade. Multisensor modules, such as electronic noses, seem to be a promising and inexpensive alternative to traditional sensors that were only sensitive to one gas at a time. However, the selectivity, the non-repetitiveness of their manufacture, and their drift remain major obstacles to the use of electronic noses. In this first work, we show how the mathematical modeling of the sensor response can be used to find new selectivity characteristics, different from those classically used in the literature. We identified new specific characteristics that have no physical meaning that can be used to find criteria for the presence of formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxyde alone or in a mixture. We discuss the limitations of the methodology presented and suggest avenues for improvement, with more precise modeling techniques involving symbolic regression.</p></div>

Cet article souligne l’importance de l’approche « gestion des connaissances » dans la numérisation du patrimoine culturel. Nous présentons un système hybride pour l’automatisation du cycle de collecte et de stockage d’informations et de connaissances pour les recherches futures. Ce système composé de plusieurs modules permet le recueil d’informations à partir d’un dictaphone en respectant un système descriptif défini, la transcription automatique de l’oral vers le texte, l’analyse linguistique, l’extraction d’informations et, enfin, le peuplement semi-automatique d’une ontologie de domaine selon un modèle conceptuel prédéfini. L’utilisation d’une extension ontologique est également présentée dans une application basée sur une architecture XML pour valoriser le patrimoine culturel dans le domaine de l’épigraphie grecque et latine.

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Introduction: During the Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting visitation restrictions, digital tools were used in many nursing homes in France to allow the older adults and their relatives to maintain social contact via videoconferencing. This article adopts an interdisciplinary approach to analyze the processes that affect the use of digital technologies. Methods: Drawing on the concept of “mediation,” it seeks to shed light on how individuals embrace these tools in a relational situation. The interviews and observations undertaken among residents, their relatives, professionals, and the management head of seven nursing homes in 2021, make it possible to outline the different forms of practices and uses and to identify the factors leading to the variations observed. Results: While the key objective of these technical and technological tools is to compensate – on a functional level – for the communication problems and the isolation of individuals in order to promote residents’ “quality of life” by maintaining “social contact,” our study reveals that these tools’ uses and practices largely differ. It also shows considerable inequalities in terms of residents’ acquisition of subjective feelings of ownership of the tools. These are never attributed to isolated physical, cognitive, psychic, and social difficulties, but are influenced by specific organizational, interactional, and psychic configurations. Some of the structures analyzed revealed situations in which mediation failed, occasionally exposing the risk associated with seeking “ties at all costs,” or revealing a disturbing strangeness when residents were placed in front of screens. Some configurations, however, showed that it was possible to set up an intermediate space for the experience to unfold, which in turn opened up a space where individuals, groups, and institutions could experiment, allowing them to develop subjective feelings of ownership of this experience. Discussion: This article discusses how the configurations that failed to promote the mediation process reveal the need to assess the representations of care and assistance in the relationships between older adults, their loved ones, and nursing home professionals. Indeed, in certain situations, the use of videoconferencing, while seeking to produce a positive effect, risks displacing and increasing the effects of the “negative” associated with dependency, which may worsen individuals’ difficulties within nursing homes. The risks associated with the failure to take into account residents’ requests and consent explain why it is important to discuss how certain uses of digital tools may renew the dilemma between concerns for protection, on the one hand, and respect for autonomy on the other.

BackgroundDigital technologies were implemented to address the disruption of long-term care facility residents’ socialization needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. A literature review regarding this topic is needed to inform public policy, facility managers, family caregivers, and nurses and allied health professionals involved in mediating the use of digital devices for residents’ social ties.ObjectiveOur study outlines key concepts, methodologies, results, issues, and gaps in articles published during pandemic-related visitation restrictions.MethodsFollowing the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) protocol, a scoping review was conducted by searching 3 database aggregator platforms (EBSCO, ProQuest, and PubMed) for studies published in peer-reviewed journals from early 2020 to the end of June 2021, when the most stringent restrictions were in place.We included qualitative and quantitative studies, reviews, commentaries, viewpoints, and letters to the editors in French or English focusing on digital technologies aiming to support the social contact of residents in long-term care facilities during pandemic-related visitation restrictions.ResultsAmong 763 screened articles, 29 met our selection criteria. For each study, we characterized the (1) authors, title, and date of the publication; (2) country of the first author; (3) research fields; (4) article type; and (5) type of technology mentioned.The analysis distinguished 3 main themes emerging from the literature: (1) impact and expectations of remote social contact on the physical and mental health and well-being of the residents (n=12), (2) with whom or what the social contact took place (n=17), and (3) limitations and barriers to significant social contact related to digital technologies (n=14).The results first underlined the highly positive impact expected by the authors of the digital technologies on health and quality of life of residents of long-term care facilities. Second, they highlighted the plurality of ties to consider, since social contact takes place not only with family caregivers to maintain contact but also for other purposes (end-of-life videoconferences) and with other types of contact (eg, with staff and robots). Third, they exposed the limitations and barriers to significant contact using digital technologies and outlined the required conditions to enable them.ConclusionsThe review demonstrated the opportunities and risks outlined by the literature about the implementation of digital technologies to support remote social contact. It showed the plurality of ties to consider and revealed the need to evaluate the positive impact of remote contact from the residents’ perspectives. Therefore, to go beyond the risk of digital solutionism, there is a need for studies considering the holistic impact on health regarding the implementation of digital technologies, including the meaning residents give to interpersonal exchanges and the organizational constraints.Trial RegistrationOSF Registries osf.io/yhpx3; https://osf.io/yhpx3

Description: In the era of the information society, of a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (vuca) world, building knowledge collaboratively appears indispensable to adapt to the rapid changes in our environment. Further, this knowledge should be considered as a common good in a collective driven by the principles of reciprocity, autonomy, transparency, and trust. Point of view: It seems that such an approach is made possible by a view of organizations that focuses on individuals-in particular, on their freedom, their responsibility, and their well-being at work. In this context, the organization is conceived of as a commons whose sustainability depends on collaborative knowledge management, itself conceived of as a commons. Purpose: After highlighting the volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous character of the current knowledge environment, this article shows that managing knowledge through collaborative processes (which may be characterized by the concept of the commons) appears indispensable to adaptation in this unstable setting. Also, it discusses the idea that managing knowledge as a commons leads to a deep alteration of the way organizations are managed. Conclusions: Combining an approach to knowledge as a commons with an organization that operates as a commons should question the ways we manage our organizations.

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Purpose-The present study aims to further examine the persuasive effect of pictures in a print ad according to the recipient's ability to process the information and to observe to what extent the presence of a picture could negatively influence recipients' attitude toward the ad's verbal claim. Design/methodology/approach-Two studies were designed to manipulate the presence vs absence of an attractive/unattractive picture, the kind of verbal claims (affectively based vs rationally based) and the recipient's ability to process the ad (cognitive load vs no cognitive load). Findings-Main findings showed that the presence of an attractive picture elicited an unfavorable attitude toward the functional verbal claim when recipients were not cognitively charged. Furthermore, it proved to be a mediator of the influence of pictures on attitude toward the ad. The positive influence of an attractive picture on product evaluation and purchase intention was greater under a cognitive load but showed contrasting results for price perceptions. For the unattractive picture, cognitive load was found to be a moderator only when recipients had to infer the product price. Research limitations/implications-The present research emphasized the negative influence of attractive pictures on functional verbal claims and the moderating role of cognitive load on pictorial stimuli either acting as peripheral or central cues in the persuasive process. Practical implications-Practitioners may want to consider that an attractive picture in advertising is not always the best route for persuasion, especially when the verbal ad content emphasizes the product's properties. Originality/value-The present study provides new insights regarding the role of pictures in advertising persuasive effectiveness. Until now, no research had addressed the extent to which the presence of a picture could affect processing of an ad's verbal claims. Additionally, the present study expands research on persuasive communication and affirms the necessity of more intensively investigating the role of pictures in advertising under the rubric of information processing level.

Purpose To illustrate how threats of institutional duality (ID) incidence subsidiaries confront are converted to opportunities, by conceptualizing how subsidiaries attain operational legitimacy at both their headquarters (HQs) and host countries. Design/methodology/approach Using a systematic literature review, the authors build on institutional theories by analyzing the ID literature along its structure, main processes and outcomes. The authors configure frameworks of both HQ control systems and host countries' institutional threats, showing how subsidiaries contingently navigate across them using configuration, differentiation and avoidance strategies. Findings The authors’ findings show that “foresighted” subsidiaries attain operational legitimacy through configuration, differentiation and avoidance of threats incidental to ID, by strategizing along certain formal and informal institutional variables including legal, sociocultural and technical factors. Originality/value The authors propose “structural configuration of ID incidence” and “subsidiary path to legitimacy” frameworks. The former configures how the interaction between HQ and host countries' variables constitute ID incidence threats. The latter highlights how “foresighted” subsidiaries use configuration, differentiation and avoidance strategies to attain operational legitimacy.